I agree with what GRL says here
Actually Jari, they really don't offer double mastectomies anymore. Certainly not on a routine basis and not if you only have a DX of stage 1 or 2. It's considered a complete overkill of treatment. I actually asked about a mastectomy and my surgeon virtually laughed (in a nice way) and told me it totally unnecessary.
but would just add the following.
Lumpectomy with (or occasionally without) adjunctive treatment(s) such as Radiotherapy, Chemo & hormone blockers, seems currently to be considered the gold standard, with the reasoning that there is potentially less emotional trauma for the patient in not losing an entire breast & lumpectomy is usually a smaller operation with comparatively lower risks, often a shorter inpatient stay & reduced recovery time. As GRL says, mastectomy is often considered over-treatment, so that on diagnosis a patient's MDT will usually recommend the more conservative surgery of lumpectomy.
My understanding is that after the scandal of the Patterson inquiry & "the Angelina effect", guidelines relating to type of surgery routinely offered were tightened. I'm reliably informed that his very unfortunate case has led to many breast surgeons being afraid to carry out more than the minimum essential surgery, even when their patient's preference is for mastectomy.
Unilateral mastectomy is sometimes still offered, even for early stage cancers (at least it was in this area a couple of years ago), but reconstruction may not necessarily be offered alongside. Both, as I understand it, may depend upon individual HA policy, so currently it may vary according to where a patient is diagnosed/treated.
There are varied reasons for mastectomy, including stage & type of tumour, patient preference & the proportionate size of the affected breast to tumour size. A small breast with a relatively large area of abnormality sometimes makes mastectomy the only practical option, given it's standard practice to also remove as big a margin of surrounding tissue as is sensible, within surgical guidelines.
Bilateral mastectomies are now rarely available, as no-one wants to remove a healthy breast, except in risk-reducing scenarios for the small proportion of the population with high genetic susceptibility.
Mastectomy doesn't guarantee a cancer-free future, but in some situations there is reduced recurrence risk.
As GRL says, Avrum Bluming's book is an interesting eye-opener, considering the benefits of HRT & the flawed studies that led to so many women going without it. It also carefully examines the case for its use after BC, offering reassurance to the many women who will find themselves faced with the dilemma of need for HRT after a diagnosis of breast cancer.
I hope no-one feels this post is not warranted on this thread - breast cancer is such an important issue & not that thoroughly aired on the forum.